Ossiculoplasty is the reconstruction of the middle ear ossicular chain which has been disrupted or destroyed, by the use of some interpositioned devices which helps in regaining the original mechanics of the ossicular chain to transfer the sound energy to the inner ear. Ossicular abnormalities can r

Certain genes that promote cell growth and division are called oncogenes.Genes that slow down cell division or cause cells to die at the right time are called tumor suppressor genes.Cancers can be caused by DNA mutations (changes) that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. Because CL

What are orthopedic disorders? ​Any condition or disease related to the bodies musculo skeletal system, degenerative diseases, trauma, sports injuries, and congenital defects (related to bone or muscles) is called an orthopedic disorder. A few of them are listed below however there are much more.   

An irregular heartbeat is an arrhythmia (also called dysrhythmia). Heart rates can also be irregular. A normal heart rate is 50 to 100 beats per minute. Arrhythmias and abnormal heart rates don't necessarily occur together. Arrhythmias can occur with a normal heart rate, or with heart rates that are

Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.However in Cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.These extra cells can divid

Rectal cancer often requires more than one treatment type (modality), an approach known as multimodal therapy. In general, the treatment modalities used in rectal cancer are the same ones used to treat many other types of cancer. They are: Surgery to remove the tumor. Chemotherapy, usually consistin

Oesophageal Cancer A cancer, is to put it simply, is an abnormality formed when the normal cells that comprise a tissue or organ turns into abnormal cells, that unlike its normal counterpart does not die and starts to spread to other regions within the proximity or even further. The reason for the f

An anal fissure is a small cut or tear in the lining of the anus. The crack in the skin causes severe pain and some bright red bleeding during and after bowel movements. At times, the fissure can be deep enough to expose the muscle tissue underneath.An anal fissure usually isn’t a serious condition.

Pain can be debilitating and frustrating. It may interfere with sleep, work, activities and quality time with friends and family. Pain management provides relief so you can enjoy life. But treatment is complex and can lead to harmful effects if not properly administered and monitored. That’s why pai

A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye. Cataracts are very common as you get older. At first, you may not notice that you have a cataract. But over time, cataracts can make your vision blurry, hazy, or less colorful. You may have trouble reading or doing other everyday activities. The g