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All About
Balloon mitral valvotomy
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when you lie down
- Fatigue, especially during increased physical activity
- Swollen feet or legs
- Heart palpitations sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat
- Dizziness or fainting
- Coughing up blood
- Chest discomfort or chest pain
Causes
Causes of mitral valve stenosis include:
Rheumatic fever. A complication of strep throat, rheumatic fever can damage the mitral valve. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis. It can damage the mitral valve by causing the flaps to thicken or fuse. Signs and symptoms of mitral valve stenosis might not show up for years.
Calcium deposits. As you age, calcium deposits can build up around the ring around the mitral valve (annulus), which can occasionally cause mitral valve stenosis.
Other causes. In rare cases, babies are born with a narrowed mitral valve (congenital defect) that causes problems over time. Other rare causes include radiation to the chest and some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus.
More about Treatment
A balloon valvotomy is the preferred treatment for mitral valve stenosis. It is a procedure that widens the mitral valve so that blood flows more easily through the heart.
A balloon valvotomy is a minimally invasive procedure. A doctor uses a thin flexible tube (catheter) that is inserted through an artery in the groin or arm and threaded into the heart. When the tube reaches the narrowed mitral valve, a balloon device located on the tip of the catheter is quickly inflated. The narrowed or fused mitral valve leaflets are separated and stretched open as the balloon presses against them. This process increases the size of the mitral valve opening and allows more blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
FAQ on this Treatment
What is balloon mitral valvotomy?
Balloon mitral valvotomy is a procedure used to increase the opening of a narrowed valve also known as stenosis.
Who are the candidates for balloon mitral valvotomy?
The candidates for balloon mitral valvotomy are:
The patients whose mitral valve is narrowed: mitral valve stenosis
The patients whose aortic valve is narrowed: aortic valve stenosis
The patient whose pulmonary valve is narrowed: pulmonary valve stenosis.
What to expect before balloon mitral valvotomy?
Most patients are required to have a blood test, a chest X-ray and an ECG just before the procedure.
How is Balloon mitral valvotomy done?
It is done by insertion of a balloon catheter through the blood vessel of the groin which is then made to reach the heart. A tiny hole is then made between the 2 chambers of the heart to create an opening for the catheter which is then positioned near the valve. It is then made to inflate and deflate several times to widen the narrowed valve.
How long does this procedure last?
The procedure lasts for about 4 hours, after preparation of several hours.
What are the complications of balloon dilatation?
The following are the complications that are seen in balloon dilatation:
Damage to blood vessel at the site
Rupture of the valve
Stroke
Blood clot formation
Bleeding at the site.